Figure 29.4: Demonstration of the use of interpn
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There are three multi-dimensional interpolation functions in Octave, with similar capabilities. Methods using Delaunay tessellation are described in Interpolation on Scattered Data.
Two-dimensional interpolation. x, y and z describe a
surface function. If x and y are vectors their length
must correspondent to the size of z. x and y must be
monotonic. If they are matrices they must have the meshgrid
format.
interp2 (x, y, Z, xi, yi, …)Returns a matrix corresponding to the points described by the matrices xi, yi.
If the last argument is a string, the interpolation method can
be specified. The method can be "linear", "nearest" or
"cubic". If it is omitted "linear" interpolation is
assumed.
interp2 (z, xi, yi)Assumes x = 1:rows (z) and y =
1:columns (z)
interp2 (z, n)Interleaves the matrix z n-times. If n is omitted a value
of n = 1 is assumed.
The variable method defines the method to use for the interpolation. It can take one of the following values
"nearest"Return the nearest neighbor.
"linear"Linear interpolation from nearest neighbors.
"pchip"Piecewise cubic Hermite interpolating polynomial.
"cubic"Cubic interpolation from four nearest neighbors.
"spline"Cubic spline interpolation—smooth first and second derivatives throughout the curve.
If a scalar value extrapval is defined as the final value, then values outside the mesh as set to this value. Note that in this case method must be defined as well. If extrapval is not defined then NA is assumed.
See also: interp1.
Perform 3-dimensional interpolation. Each element of the 3-dimensional
array v represents a value at a location given by the parameters
x, y, and z. The parameters x, x, and
z are either 3-dimensional arrays of the same size as the array
v in the "meshgrid" format or vectors. The parameters
xi, etc. respect a similar format to x, etc., and they
represent the points at which the array vi is interpolated.
If x, y, z are omitted, they are assumed to be
x = 1 : size (v, 2), y = 1 : size (v, 1) and
z = 1 : size (v, 3). If m is specified, then
the interpolation adds a point half way between each of the interpolation
points. This process is performed m times. If only v is
specified, then m is assumed to be 1.
Method is one of:
"nearest"Return the nearest neighbor.
"linear"Linear interpolation from nearest neighbors.
"cubic"Cubic interpolation from four nearest neighbors (not implemented yet).
"spline"Cubic spline interpolation—smooth first and second derivatives throughout the curve.
The default method is "linear".
If extrap is the string "extrap", then extrapolate values
beyond the endpoints. If extrap is a number, replace values beyond
the endpoints with that number. If extrap is missing, assume NA.
Perform n-dimensional interpolation, where n is at least two.
Each element of the n-dimensional array v represents a value
at a location given by the parameters x1, x2, …, xn.
The parameters x1, x2, …, xn are either
n-dimensional arrays of the same size as the array v in
the "ndgrid" format or vectors. The parameters y1, etc.
respect a similar format to x1, etc., and they represent the points
at which the array vi is interpolated.
If x1, …, xn are omitted, they are assumed to be
x1 = 1 : size (v, 1), etc. If m is specified, then
the interpolation adds a point half way between each of the interpolation
points. This process is performed m times. If only v is
specified, then m is assumed to be 1.
Method is one of:
"nearest"Return the nearest neighbor.
"linear"Linear interpolation from nearest neighbors.
"cubic"Cubic interpolation from four nearest neighbors (not implemented yet).
"spline"Cubic spline interpolation—smooth first and second derivatives throughout the curve.
The default method is "linear".
If extrapval is the scalar value, use it to replace the values beyond the endpoints with that number. If extrapval is missing, assume NA.
A significant difference between interpn and the other two
multi-dimensional interpolation functions is the fashion in which the
dimensions are treated. For interp2 and interp3, the y-axis is
considered to be the columns of the matrix, whereas the x-axis corresponds to
the rows of the array. As Octave indexes arrays in column major order, the
first dimension of any array is the columns, and so interpn effectively
reverses the ’x’ and ’y’ dimensions. Consider the example,
x = y = z = -1:1; f = @(x,y,z) x.^2 - y - z.^2; [xx, yy, zz] = meshgrid (x, y, z); v = f (xx,yy,zz); xi = yi = zi = -1:0.1:1; [xxi, yyi, zzi] = meshgrid (xi, yi, zi); vi = interp3 (x, y, z, v, xxi, yyi, zzi, "spline"); [xxi, yyi, zzi] = ndgrid (xi, yi, zi); vi2 = interpn (x, y, z, v, xxi, yyi, zzi, "spline"); mesh (zi, yi, squeeze (vi2(1,:,:)));
where vi and vi2 are identical. The reversal of the
dimensions is treated in the meshgrid and ndgrid functions
respectively.
The result of this code can be seen in Figure 29.4.
In additional the support function bicubic that underlies the
cubic interpolation of interp2 function can be called directly.
Return a matrix zi corresponding to the bicubic interpolations at xi and yi of the data supplied as x, y and z. Points outside the grid are set to extrapval.
See http://wiki.woodpecker.org.cn/moin/Octave/Bicubic for further information.
See also: interp2.
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