5.1.14. getfasta

bedtools getfasta extracts sequences from a FASTA file for each of the intervals defined in a BED/GFF/VCF file.

Tip

1. The headers in the input FASTA file must exactly match the chromosome column in the BED file.

2. You can use the UNIX fold command to set the line width of the FASTA output. For example, fold -w 60 will make each line of the FASTA file have at most 60 nucleotides for easy viewing.

See also

maskfasta

5.1.14.1. Usage and option summary

Usage

$ bedtools getfasta [OPTIONS] -fi <input FASTA> -bed <BED/GFF/VCF> -fo <output FASTA>

(or):

$ getFastaFromBed [OPTIONS] -fi <input FASTA> -bed <BED/GFF/VCF> -fo <output FASTA>

Option	Description
-name	Use the “name” column in the BED file for the FASTA headers in the output FASTA file.
-tab	Report extract sequences in a tab-delimited format instead of in FASTA format.
-s	Force strandedness. If the feature occupies the antisense strand, the sequence will be reverse complemented. Default: strand information is ignored.
-split	Given BED12 input, extract and concatenate the sequences from the BED “blocks” (e.g., exons)

5.1.14.2. Default behavior

bedtools getfasta will extract the sequence defined by the coordinates in a BED interval and create a new FASTA entry in the output file for each extracted sequence. By default, the FASTA header for each extracted sequence will be formatted as follows: “<chrom>:<start>-<end>”.

$ cat test.fa
>chr1
AAAAAAAACCCCCCCCCCCCCGCTACTGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

$ cat test.bed
chr1 5 10

$ bedtools getfasta -fi test.fa -bed test.bed -fo test.fa.out

$ cat test.fa.out
>chr1:5-10
AAACC

5.1.14.3. -name Using the BED “name” column as a FASTA header.

Using the -name option, one can set the FASTA header for each extracted sequence to be the “name” columns from the BED feature.

$ cat test.fa
>chr1
AAAAAAAACCCCCCCCCCCCCGCTACTGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

$ cat test.bed
chr1 5 10 myseq

$ bedtools getfasta -fi test.fa -bed test.bed -fo test.fa.out -name

$ cat test.fa.out
>myseq
AAACC

5.1.14.4. -tab Creating a tab-delimited output file in lieu of FASTA output.

Using the -tab option, the -fo output file will be tab-delimited instead of in FASTA format.

$ cat test.fa
>chr1
AAAAAAAACCCCCCCCCCCCCGCTACTGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

$ cat test.bed
chr1 5 10 myseq

$ bedtools getfasta -fi test.fa -bed test.bed -fo test.fa.out.tab -name -tab

$ cat test.fa.out
myseq AAACC

5.1.14.5. -s Forcing the extracted sequence to reflect the requested strand

bedtools getfasta will extract the sequence in the orientation defined in the strand column when the “-s” option is used.

$ cat test.fa
>chr1
AAAAAAAACCCCCCCCCCCCCGCTACTGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

$ cat test.bed
chr1 20 25 forward 1 +
chr1 20 25 reverse 1 -

$ bedtools getfasta -fi test.fa -bed test.bed -s -name -fo test.fa.out

$ cat test.fa.out
>forward
CGCTA
>reverse
TAGCG

5.1.14.6. -split Extracting BED “blocks”.

One can optionally request that FASTA records be extracting and concatenating each block in a BED12 record. For example, consider a BED12 record describing a transcript. By default, getfasta will extract the sequence representing the entire transcript (intons, exons, UTRs). Using the -split option, getfasta will instead produce separate a FASTA record representing a transcript that splices together each BED12 block (e.g., exons and UTRs in the case of genes described with BED12).

$ cat genes.bed12
chr1  164404  173864  ENST00000466557.1       0       -       173864  173864  0       6       387,59,66,216,132,112,  0,1479,3695,4644,8152,9348,
chr1  235855  267253  ENST00000424587.1       0       -       267253  267253  0       4       2100,150,105,158,       0,2562,23161,31240,
chr1  317810  328455  ENST00000426316.1       0       +       328455  328455  0       2       323,145,        0,10500,

$ bedtools getfasta -fi chr1.fa -bed genes.bed12 -split -name -fo stdout
>ENST00000466557.1
gaggcgggaagatcacttgatatcaggagtcgaggcgggaagatcacttgacgtcaggagttcgagactggcccggccaacatggtgaaaccgcatctccactaaaaatacaaaaattagcctggtatggtggtgggcacctgtaatcccagtgacttgggaggctaaggcaggagaatttcttgaacccaggaggcagaggttgcagtgaccagcaaggttgcgccattgcaccccagcctgggcgataagagtgaaaactccatctcaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaTTCCTTTGGGAAGGCCTTCTACATAAAAATCTTCAACATGAGACTGGAAAAAAGGGTATGGGATCATCACCGGACCTTTGGCTTTTACAGCTCGAGCTGACAAAGTTGATTTATCAAGTTGTAAATCTTCACCTGTTGAATTCATAAGTTCATGTCATATTTTCTTTCAGACAATTCTTCAGTTTGTTTACGTAGATCAGCGATACGATGATTCCATTTCTtcggatccttgtaagagcagagcaggtgatggagagggtgggaggtgtagtgacagaagcaggaaactccagtcattcgagacgggcagcacaagctgcggagtgcaggccacctctacggccaggaaacggattctcccgcagagcctcggaagctaccgaccctgctcccaccttgactcagtaggacttactgtagaattctggccttcagacCTGAGCCTGGCAGCTCTCTCCAACTTTGGAAGCCCAGGGGCATGGCCCCTGTCCACAGATGCACCTGGCATGAGGCGTGCCCAGAGGGACAGAGGCAGATGAGTttcgtctcctccactggattgtgagggcCAGAGTTGAACTCCCTCATTTTCCGTTCCCCAGCATTGGCAGGTTCTGGGACTGGTGGCTGTGGTGGCTCGTTGGTCTTTGTCTCTTAGAAGGTGGGGAATAATCATCATCT
>ENST00000424587.1
ccaggaagtgaaaatgacactttactgttttaatttgcatttctctgcttacaagtggattacacacattttcgtgtgctgttggctacttatTCATTCAGAAAACATACTAAGTGCTGGCTCTTTTTCATGTCCTTTATCAAGTTTGGATCATGTCATTTGCTATTTTCTTTCTGATGTAAACTCTCAAAGTCTGAAGTGTATTGTCTTTTCCTGACACATATGTTGTAAATAATTTTCTGGCTTACATTTTGACTTTTAATTTCATTCACGATGTTTTTAATGAATAATTTTAATTTTTATGAATGCAAGTTAAAATAATTCTTTCATTGTGGTCTCTGACATGTCATGCCAATAAGGGTCTTCTCCTCCAAGAGCACAGAAATATTTGCCAATACTGTCCTTAAAATCGGTCACAGTTTCATTTTTTATATATGCATTTTACTTCAATTGGGGCTTCATTTTACTGAATGCCCTATTTGAAGCAAGTTTCTCAGTTAATTCTTTTCTCAAAGGGCTAAGTATGGTAGATTGCAAACATAAGTGGCCACATAATGCTCTCACCTCctttgcctcctctcccaggaggagatagcgtccatctttccactccttaatctgggcttggccgtgtgacttgcactggccaatgggatattaacaagtctgatgtgcacagaggctgtagaatgtgcacgggggcttggtctctcttgctgccctggagaccagctgccCCACGAAGGAACCAGAGCCAACCTGCTGCTTCCTGGAGGAAGACAGTCCCTCTGTCCCTCTGTCTCTGCCAACCAGTTAACCTGCTGCTTCCTGGAGGGAGACAGTCCCTCAGTCCCTCTGTCTCTGCCAACCAGTTAACCTGCTGCTTCCTGGAGGAAGACAGTCACTCTGTCTCTGccaacccagttgaccgcagacatgcaggtctgctcaggtaagaccagcacagtccctgccctgtgagccaaaccaaatggtccagccacagaatcgtgagcaaataagtgatgcttaagtcactaagatttgggCAAAAGCTGAGCATTTATCCCAATCCCAATACTGTTTGTCCTTCTGTTTATCTGTCTGTCCTTCCCTGCTCATTTAAAATGCCCCCACTGCATCTAGTACATTTTTATAGGATCAGGGATCTGCTCTTGGATTAATGTTGTGTTCCCACCTCGAGGCAGCTTTGTAAGCTTCTGAGCACTTCCCAATTCCGGGTGACTTCAGGCACTGGGAGGCCTGTGCATCAGCTGCTGCTGTCTGTAGCTGACTTCCTTCACCCCTCTGCTGTCCTCAGCTCCTTCACCCCTGGGCCTCAGGAAATCAATGTCATGCTGACATCACTCTAGATCTAAAAGTTGGGTTCTTGgaccaggcgtggtggctcacacctgtaatcccagcactttgggaggccgaggcgggtggatcacaaggtcaggagatcaagacgattctggctaacacggtgaaaccccgtctctactaaaaatacaaaaaaattagccgggtgtggtggcaggtgcctgtagccccagctacttgggaggctgaggcaggagaatggcttgaacctgggaggtggagcttgcagtgagccaagatcacgccactgcactccagaatgggagagagagcgagactttctcaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaCTTAGGTTCTTGGATGTTCGGGAAAGGGGGTTATTATCTAGGATCCTTGAAGCACCCCCAAGGGCATCTTCTCAAAGTTGGATGTGTGCATTTTCCTGAGAGGAAAGCTTTCCCACATTATACAGCTTCTGAAAGGGTTGCTTGACCCACAGATGTGAAGCTGAGGCTGAAGGAGACTGATGTGGTTTCTCCTCAGTTTCTCTGTGCAGCACCAGGTGGCAGCAGAGGTCAGCAAGGCAAACCCGAGCCCGGGGATGCGGAGTGGGGGCAGCTACGTCCTCTCTTGAGCTACAGCAGATTCACTCTGTTCTGTTTCATTGTTGTTTAGTTTGCGTTGTGTTTCTCCAACTTTGTGCCTCATCAGGAAAAGCTTTGGATCACAATTCCCAGtgctgaagaaaaggccaaactcttggttgtgttctttgattAGTgcctgtgacgcagcttcaggaggtcctgagaacgtgtgcacagtttagtcggcagaaacttagggaaatgtaagaccaccatcagcacataggagttctgcattggtttggtctgcattggtttggtCTTTTCCTGGATACAGGTCTTGATAGGTCTCTTGATGTCATTTCACTTCAGATTCTTCTTTAGAAAACTTGGACAATAGCATTTGCTGTCTTGTCCAAATTGTTACTTCAAGTTTGCTCTTAGCAAGTAATTGTTTCAGTATCTATATCAAAAATGGCTTAAGCCTGCAACATGTTTCTGAATGATTAACAAGGTGATAGTCAGTTCTTCATTGAATCCTGGATGCTTTATTTTTCTTAATAAGAGGAATTCATATGGATCAG
>ENST00000426316.1
AATGATCAAATTATGTTTCCCATGCATCAGGTGCAATGGGAAGCTCTTctggagagtgagagaagcttccagttaaggtgacattgaagccaagtcctgaaagatgaggaagagttgtatgagagtggggagggaagggggaggtggagggaTGGGGAATGGGCCGGGATGGGATAGCGCAAACTGCCCGGGAAGGGAAACCAGCACTGTACAGACCTGAACAACGAAGATGGCATATTTTGTTCAGGGAATGGTGAATTAAGTGTGGCAGGAATGCTTTGTAGACACAGTAATTTGCTTGTATGGAATTTTGCCTGAGAGACCTCATTCCTCACGTCGGCCATTCCAGGCCCCGTTTTTCCCTTCCGGCAGCCTCTTGGCCTCTAATTTGTTTATCTTTTGTGTATAAATCCCAAAATATTGAATTTTGGAATATTTCCACCATTATGTAAATATTTTGATAGGTAA

# use the UNIX fold command to wrap the FASTA sequence such that each line
# has at most 60 characters
$ bedtools getfasta -fi chr1.fa -bed genes.bed12 -split -name -fo stdout | \
      fold -w 60
>ENST00000466557.1
gaggcgggaagatcacttgatatcaggagtcgaggcgggaagatcacttgacgtcaggag
ttcgagactggcccggccaacatggtgaaaccgcatctccactaaaaatacaaaaattag
cctggtatggtggtgggcacctgtaatcccagtgacttgggaggctaaggcaggagaatt
tcttgaacccaggaggcagaggttgcagtgaccagcaaggttgcgccattgcaccccagc
ctgggcgataagagtgaaaactccatctcaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaTTCCTTTGG
GAAGGCCTTCTACATAAAAATCTTCAACATGAGACTGGAAAAAAGGGTATGGGATCATCA
CCGGACCTTTGGCTTTTACAGCTCGAGCTGACAAAGTTGATTTATCAAGTTGTAAATCTT
CACCTGTTGAATTCATAAGTTCATGTCATATTTTCTTTCAGACAATTCTTCAGTTTGTTT
ACGTAGATCAGCGATACGATGATTCCATTTCTtcggatccttgtaagagcagagcaggtg
atggagagggtgggaggtgtagtgacagaagcaggaaactccagtcattcgagacgggca
gcacaagctgcggagtgcaggccacctctacggccaggaaacggattctcccgcagagcc
tcggaagctaccgaccctgctcccaccttgactcagtaggacttactgtagaattctggc
cttcagacCTGAGCCTGGCAGCTCTCTCCAACTTTGGAAGCCCAGGGGCATGGCCCCTGT
CCACAGATGCACCTGGCATGAGGCGTGCCCAGAGGGACAGAGGCAGATGAGTttcgtctc
ctccactggattgtgagggcCAGAGTTGAACTCCCTCATTTTCCGTTCCCCAGCATTGGC
AGGTTCTGGGACTGGTGGCTGTGGTGGCTCGTTGGTCTTTGTCTCTTAGAAGGTGGGGAA
TAATCATCATCT
>ENST00000424587.1
ccaggaagtgaaaatgacactttactgttttaatttgcatttctctgcttacaagtggat
tacacacattttcgtgtgctgttggctacttatTCATTCAGAAAACATACTAAGTGCTGG
CTCTTTTTCATGTCCTTTATCAAGTTTGGATCATGTCATTTGCTATTTTCTTTCTGATGT
AAACTCTCAAAGTCTGAAGTGTATTGTCTTTTCCTGACACATATGTTGTAAATAATTTTC
TGGCTTACATTTTGACTTTTAATTTCATTCACGATGTTTTTAATGAATAATTTTAATTTT
TATGAATGCAAGTTAAAATAATTCTTTCATTGTGGTCTCTGACATGTCATGCCAATAAGG
GTCTTCTCCTCCAAGAGCACAGAAATATTTGCCAATACTGTCCTTAAAATCGGTCACAGT
TTCATTTTTTATATATGCATTTTACTTCAATTGGGGCTTCATTTTACTGAATGCCCTATT
TGAAGCAAGTTTCTCAGTTAATTCTTTTCTCAAAGGGCTAAGTATGGTAGATTGCAAACA
TAAGTGGCCACATAATGCTCTCACCTCctttgcctcctctcccaggaggagatagcgtcc
atctttccactccttaatctgggcttggccgtgtgacttgcactggccaatgggatatta
acaagtctgatgtgcacagaggctgtagaatgtgcacgggggcttggtctctcttgctgc
cctggagaccagctgccCCACGAAGGAACCAGAGCCAACCTGCTGCTTCCTGGAGGAAGA
CAGTCCCTCTGTCCCTCTGTCTCTGCCAACCAGTTAACCTGCTGCTTCCTGGAGGGAGAC
AGTCCCTCAGTCCCTCTGTCTCTGCCAACCAGTTAACCTGCTGCTTCCTGGAGGAAGACA
GTCACTCTGTCTCTGccaacccagttgaccgcagacatgcaggtctgctcaggtaagacc
agcacagtccctgccctgtgagccaaaccaaatggtccagccacagaatcgtgagcaaat
aagtgatgcttaagtcactaagatttgggCAAAAGCTGAGCATTTATCCCAATCCCAATA
CTGTTTGTCCTTCTGTTTATCTGTCTGTCCTTCCCTGCTCATTTAAAATGCCCCCACTGC
ATCTAGTACATTTTTATAGGATCAGGGATCTGCTCTTGGATTAATGTTGTGTTCCCACCT
CGAGGCAGCTTTGTAAGCTTCTGAGCACTTCCCAATTCCGGGTGACTTCAGGCACTGGGA
GGCCTGTGCATCAGCTGCTGCTGTCTGTAGCTGACTTCCTTCACCCCTCTGCTGTCCTCA
GCTCCTTCACCCCTGGGCCTCAGGAAATCAATGTCATGCTGACATCACTCTAGATCTAAA
AGTTGGGTTCTTGgaccaggcgtggtggctcacacctgtaatcccagcactttgggaggc
cgaggcgggtggatcacaaggtcaggagatcaagacgattctggctaacacggtgaaacc
ccgtctctactaaaaatacaaaaaaattagccgggtgtggtggcaggtgcctgtagcccc
agctacttgggaggctgaggcaggagaatggcttgaacctgggaggtggagcttgcagtg
agccaagatcacgccactgcactccagaatgggagagagagcgagactttctcaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaCTTAGGTTCTTGGATGTTCGGGAAAGGGGGTTATTATCTAGGATCCTTGAA
GCACCCCCAAGGGCATCTTCTCAAAGTTGGATGTGTGCATTTTCCTGAGAGGAAAGCTTT
CCCACATTATACAGCTTCTGAAAGGGTTGCTTGACCCACAGATGTGAAGCTGAGGCTGAA
GGAGACTGATGTGGTTTCTCCTCAGTTTCTCTGTGCAGCACCAGGTGGCAGCAGAGGTCA
GCAAGGCAAACCCGAGCCCGGGGATGCGGAGTGGGGGCAGCTACGTCCTCTCTTGAGCTA
CAGCAGATTCACTCTGTTCTGTTTCATTGTTGTTTAGTTTGCGTTGTGTTTCTCCAACTT
TGTGCCTCATCAGGAAAAGCTTTGGATCACAATTCCCAGtgctgaagaaaaggccaaact
cttggttgtgttctttgattAGTgcctgtgacgcagcttcaggaggtcctgagaacgtgt
gcacagtttagtcggcagaaacttagggaaatgtaagaccaccatcagcacataggagtt
ctgcattggtttggtctgcattggtttggtCTTTTCCTGGATACAGGTCTTGATAGGTCT
CTTGATGTCATTTCACTTCAGATTCTTCTTTAGAAAACTTGGACAATAGCATTTGCTGTC
TTGTCCAAATTGTTACTTCAAGTTTGCTCTTAGCAAGTAATTGTTTCAGTATCTATATCA
AAAATGGCTTAAGCCTGCAACATGTTTCTGAATGATTAACAAGGTGATAGTCAGTTCTTC
ATTGAATCCTGGATGCTTTATTTTTCTTAATAAGAGGAATTCATATGGATCAG
>ENST00000426316.1
AATGATCAAATTATGTTTCCCATGCATCAGGTGCAATGGGAAGCTCTTctggagagtgag
agaagcttccagttaaggtgacattgaagccaagtcctgaaagatgaggaagagttgtat
gagagtggggagggaagggggaggtggagggaTGGGGAATGGGCCGGGATGGGATAGCGC
AAACTGCCCGGGAAGGGAAACCAGCACTGTACAGACCTGAACAACGAAGATGGCATATTT
TGTTCAGGGAATGGTGAATTAAGTGTGGCAGGAATGCTTTGTAGACACAGTAATTTGCTT
GTATGGAATTTTGCCTGAGAGACCTCATTCCTCACGTCGGCCATTCCAGGCCCCGTTTTT
CCCTTCCGGCAGCCTCTTGGCCTCTAATTTGTTTATCTTTTGTGTATAAATCCCAAAATA
TTGAATTTTGGAATATTTCCACCATTATGTAAATATTTTGATAGGTAA

comments powered by Disqus